网络安全检测|网络安全服务|网络安全扫描-香港墨客投资移动版

本文对南生花园的研究首先简要介绍了园主人、广东商人胡亚基的职业和文化背景，以及其社会关系、个人爱好和文化身份。由于花园已不复存在，我们研究了中国和西方的图文史料，以重现花园的空间布局和其他设计特征——其中一些可能具有浓厚的中国特征。继而对比南生花园与胡亚基故乡同时期建造的园林，以揭示它们在设计理念上的潜在联系。此外，本文探究了中国符号的选择与游园者文化身份之间的关系，以剖析是什么影响了中国特征的呈现，以及华南景观在当时是如何被移植到新加坡这个赤道附近的殖民地的。

新加坡；殖民地；胡亚基；海外华人；南生花园；中国特征

Private Chinese gardens in 19th-century Singapore were rarely designed in the same way as their contemporary counterparts in China, though there were a few authentic Chinese mansions in the city. In response to this phenomenon, this paper attempts to use Whampoa’s Garden, the finest and earliest private Chinese garden on the island, as an example, to explain how and why garden owners selectively adopted certain Chinese features while designing the rest of their gardens in a way deviating from Chinese traditions.

The study of Whampoa’s Garden begins with a sketchy introduction to the career and cultural background of the garden’s owner, Cantonese businessman Hoo Ah Kay, addressing his social connections, personal hobbies, and cultural identities. As the garden no longer exists, a study of available pictorial and written records from Chinese and Western sources is conducted in order to reveal the spatial layout and other designed features of the garden, some of which may have facilitated the display of Chineseness. Contemporaneous gardens from Hoo’s hometown will be compared to unveil hidden linkages between Whampoa’s Garden and Chinese garden ideas. Furthermore, the relationship between the selection of Chinese symbols and the identities of their audience is examined as an approach to studying what affected how Chineseness was presented and how the landscape of south China was transplanted to this equatorial colony.

Singapore; Colony; Hoo Ah Kay; Overseas Chinese; Whampoa’s Garden; Chineseness

The Production of Global Space Under the Transnational Entrepreneurship: Empirical Study on Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, China

作者：谢舒逸，江颖乐，易海  XIE Shuyi, JIANG Yingle, YI Hai

本文基于跨国商贸主义视角，以“空间三元论”为理论分析框架，采用实地考察、深度访谈等方法，深入阐释义乌全球化空间生产的过程、影响和机制，重点剖析自20世纪80年代以来地方政府、国有企业、跨国商贸者、当地居民、外来人口等多元利益相关者在其中扮演的角色及其互动过程。研究发现，1）义乌全球化空间的发展经历了去地方化－全球化－再地方化的过程，体现了跨国商贸主义影响下中国中小型城市经济、社会、生活关系的地方建构、重构过程；2）义乌全球化空间的发展是自上而下的政府权力与自下而上的社会力量共同作用的结果，其中地方政府企业主义行为是推动义乌全球化空间发展的关键引擎，而全球化是影响地方政府企业主义行为的直接动力；3）义乌跨国商贸者与本地居民、外来人口之间形成表面融入、隐形隔离的社会关系。研究丰富了对中国语境下中小型城市全球化空间的研究，以及对空间三元论中三元要素三位一体相互转化、辩证关系的实证研究，同时对理解中国中小型城市的城镇化与全球化进程及优化跨国移民、族裔聚居区的管理等有所裨益。

全球化空间生产；空间三元论；跨国商贸主义；政府企业主义；社会关系；景观；义乌

This research probes into the process, impact, and mechanism of the production of global space in Yiwu under the transnational entrepreneurship, utilizing the “spatial ternary theory” and methods of field investigation and in-depth interview. It focuses on analyzing how the local government, state-owned enterprises, transnational traders, local residents, and domestic migrants act and interact in the production of global space since the 1980s. Results showed that the production of global space in Yiwu goes through a process from delocalization, globalization to relocalization, indicating the local construction and reconstruction of economic, social, and living relationships in small- and medium-sized cities influenced by transnational entrepreneurship. The production of global space in Yiwu is jointly promoted by top-down government power and bottom-up social strength, and local governmental entrepreneurialism that has been directly influenced by globalization is a key engine. Field investigation also discovered that there is a phenomenon of transnational traders’ apparent integration and invisible isolation with local residents and domestic migrants in the new social relationships in Yiwu. These findings will enrich the empirical research on the global space in small- and medium-sized cities in the context of China, and on the dialectical and interchangable relationship of the trinity of ternary elements in the spatial ternary theory; and help deepen the understanding on urbanization and globalization of small- and medium-sized Chinese cities, and optimize the governance of transnational migrants and the ethnic enclaves they live.

Production of Global Space; Spatial Ternary Theory; Transnational Entrepreneurship; Governmental Entrepreneurialism;  Social Relationships;  Landscape;  Yiwu

Construction of Climate Adaptability Evaluation Indicator System for Urban Spaces in the Severe Cold Zones of China—A Case Study on the Central Area of Harbin

作者：蒋存妍，冷红，袁青  JIANG Cunyan, LENG Hong, YUAN Qing